HISTORY FORM 1 EXAM
END OF TERM 3 – 2022
TIME: 2 HRS
MARKING SCHEME
Answer all questions in the spaces provided
- Give four forms of oral transactions. (4mk)
- Myths, legends, proverbs, songs, folktales, poems.
- Explain two reasons why Africa is considered the cradle of mankind (4mks)
- Various archeological sites with fossils resembling them.
- Savannah grassland provided space for hunting and gathering –food.
- Warm tropical climate provided warmth for man throughout the year.
- There were many all – season rivers that provided water and trapping for animals.
- Explain features of Homo Sapiens Sapiens. (10mks)
- High intellectual capacity with large brain of over 1400 cc.
- Spoke with well-defined speech
- Small jaws and teeth
- About 6 feet tall.
- well-developed thumb for grasping objects.
- Explain the culture of easily man in new stone age. (10mks)
- Tools and weapons- tools microliths (very small tools – sometimes less than a centimeter)
- Were fitted on wooden handle using glue
- Settlement – villages – 1000 memembers
- Cultutal practice as rose and they lived together.
- clothing – red ochre mereys
- Decorated using beads, seeds bone, ostrich egg shell
- Shelter – rock shelter with painting of animal designs.
- Art and craft – pots
- Baskets
- Weaving
- spinning
- communication – communication using languages and domination by sign languages
- Religious and Government – bury people with belonging – life after death.
- Explain 5 benefits of domesticating animals (10mks)
- For regular supply of food.
- Skin was used for clothing and bedding
- Bones were used to make ointment and needles.
- Animals like donkey, oxygen were used as a means of transport and pulling ploughs.
- The dog gave companion and security.
- Animals were traded for other items.
- Explain factors that necessitated easily man o begin growing crops and rearing animals. (10mks)
- Hunting and gathering had become tiresome – constant movement.
- Hunting and gathering was hindered by unfavorable weather eg snow, rain, floods – made it uncomfortable to go hunting.
- Sometime man could go and come back empty handed.
- Natural calamities such as brush fires floods, could kill animals and vegetation.
- Some Animals we depleted by over haunting.
- competition between animals and human for same game animals.
- Increased human populations natural environment could not provide adequate flood.
- Climatic change made animals to migrate far from previous locations.
- Other eco and value eg cloth – (form hidden and skins)
- others – transport – horse, camel
- Security – eg dog
- Explain five impacts of easily agriculture in Mesopotamia. (10mks)
- Sedentary lifestyle
- division of labour
- trade
- urbanization
- social classes
- dev of laws and government intervention of writing – keep agriculture records (Cuneiform writing)
- Education – upper class could be told mathematics and literacy (to help in record and literacy to help in record keeping )
- Invention – ox drawn plough seed drill wheel
- development of religion – offering sacrifice – to appease gods – gods related to agriculture eg ninuria god of floods
- architecture – maths and science advanced –people started and constructing great building.
- a. List 5 communities that belong to Eastern Bantu group. (5mks)
- mijikend, pokomo, taita, kamba, agikuyu, aembu Ameru
b. Explain five effects of Bantu Migration and settlement. (10mks)
- Conflict – with neighbours whom they met
- There was population pressure
- there was spread of iron working chronology to religion where they settled.
- increased trade between the bantu and neighbouring communities.
- Absorption and assimilation of neighbouring communities by Bantu for example southern cushites
- Spread of crop cultivation in neighbouring communities eg kwavi maasai and Luo
- Population redistribution in the region where they settled eg Ogiek forested into forested areas
- Intermarriage between Bantu and Neighbouring communities eg maasai , luo, kalenjin
- Exchange of knowledge and skills between Bantu and neighbouring communities eg abantu borrowed livestock firm southern cushites.
- Name the earliest languages group to arrive in Kenya from other part of the world. (3mks)
- Cushites
b. Identify the earliest inhabitants of Kenya.
- Khoisein
c. Name two islands of Lake victoria where the Abasuba settled from Uganda.
- Mfangano
- Rusinga
d. Name one Kalenjin speaking community.
- Pokot, keiyo, marakwet, kipsigis , nandi, saboat
- Explain the social organization of the Agikuyu in the pre-colonial period (10mks)
- Religion – ngai
- age- set-
- age group
- shrine – mugumo tree
- Diviners
- Spirit
- medicine man
- Family smallest social list
- clan – several families
- initiation boys carcurcision
- Girls – gental mutilation
- Explain factors that led to early agriculture in Egypt. (10mks)
- availability of fertile soil from banks of river nile from floods
- water for irrigation form river nile
- inventions such a shadoof led to increased agriculture.
- Other inventions – bronzie hoes – durable work easier.
- Invention of ox drawn plough made it possible of cultivate – large land (fields) eg wheat, barley, animals eg goat
- able leaders of pharaoh’s who encouraged agriculture.
- High demand for food from rising urban population.